Dr. Yusuf Mansur*
Green hydrogen is no longer
merely an ambitious environmental concept; it has become one of the defining
pillars of the emerging global economy. While countries competed throughout the
twentieth century for oil and natural gas resources, they are now competing for
abundant sunshine, strong wind resources, desalinated water, strategic ports,
and integrated industrial value chains. For Jordan, the key question is no
longer whether green hydrogen matters, but whether it can be transformed into a
genuine industry capable of expanding GDP, creating high-quality jobs, and
opening new export markets.
Globally, the clean hydrogen
industry is still in its infancy. According to the International Energy Agency
(IEA), production of low-emission hydrogen continued to expand in 2024, yet it
still accounts for less than one percent of global hydrogen production. The
overwhelming majority of hydrogen continues to be produced from natural gas and
coal. Nevertheless, the long-term direction is unmistakable. Decarbonizing
heavy industry, fertilizer production, maritime transport, aviation, steel
manufacturing, and chemicals will require steadily increasing volumes of
hydrogen and its derivatives.
At the same time, the IEA has
recently revised downward its 2030 projections for low-emission hydrogen
production, citing rising project costs and implementation delays. The
implication is clear: the market is highly promising, but its development is by
no means guaranteed.
Forecasts for future demand vary
considerably. Depending on the pace of industrial decarbonization and climate
policies, global hydrogen demand by 2050 is expected to range between 150 and
500 million tonnes annually. By 2030, however, commercially committed demand
remains relatively modest. The Hydrogen Council estimates that approximately
eight million tonnes per year of clean hydrogen demand could materialize across
Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea, provided existing policy
commitments are fully implemented and supported by long-term offtake
agreements.
Competition within the region is
intensifying.
Saudi Arabia has entered the race
through the NEOM Green Hydrogen Project, a US$8.4 billion industrial investment
designed to produce green hydrogen and convert it into green ammonia for
export.
Oman has positioned itself as
another global contender, with plans that could require approximately US$33
billion in investment to reach one million tonnes of renewable hydrogen
production annually by 2030.
Egypt is leveraging its strategic
location around the Suez Canal and its broad industrial base to become a
regional hydrogen hub. It is targeting investments that could reach US$60
billion by 2040, with official estimates suggesting that the sector could
contribute US$18 billion to GDP while creating more than 100,000 jobs.
Morocco, meanwhile, enjoys a
unique geographical advantage through its proximity to European markets and its
exceptional solar and wind resources. It has introduced what is known as the
"Morocco Offer"—a comprehensive investment platform combining land
allocation, infrastructure, financial incentives, and a clear regulatory
framework to attract integrated green hydrogen projects spanning renewable
power generation, electrolysis, green ammonia, synthetic fuels, and downstream
industrial activities.
Where, then, does Jordan fit
within this increasingly competitive landscape? Jordan's comparative advantage does not lie in scale,
but in specialization. The country enjoys world-class solar irradiation,
growing expertise in renewable energy, the strategic Port of Aqaba, and a
well-established phosphate and fertilizer industry. Together, these assets
create a strong foundation for developing a competitive green ammonia industry
and producing low-carbon fertilizers for international markets.
Jordan's National Green Hydrogen
Strategy suggests that production costs could eventually decline to
approximately US$1.8–2.2 per kilogram, assuming access to low-cost renewable
electricity, adequate infrastructure, and desalinated water supplies.
Importantly, Jordan has already
begun moving beyond memoranda of understanding toward concrete investments. In 2026, the Kingdom announced a
US$1.6 billion project in Aqaba to produce green hydrogen and green ammonia.
This was followed by another investment agreement exceeding US$1 billion to
establish a facility capable of producing 100,000 tonnes of green ammonia
annually, powered by solar energy and desalinated seawater.
Yet several challenges remain. Water availability is perhaps the
most critical. Producing one kilogram of green hydrogen requires approximately
13 kilograms of high-purity water, making large-scale desalination in Aqaba not
simply desirable but essential.
Financing represents a second
challenge. Green hydrogen projects require substantial upfront capital
investment as well as long-term purchase agreements capable of ensuring
commercial viability.
Third, exporting hydrogen in its
raw form is generally less economically attractive than converting it into
higher-value products such as green ammonia, low-carbon fertilizers, or
synthetic fuels, where significantly greater value added can be captured domestically.
From an economic perspective,
Jordan should pursue a realistic strategy based not on competing with Saudi
Arabia or Oman in production volume, but on establishing a highly specialized
industrial ecosystem. Should the Kingdom succeed in attracting cumulative
investments ranging between US$5 and US$10 billion over the next two decades,
the sector could ultimately contribute between 2 and 4 percent of GDP, while
creating 20,000 to 40,000 direct and indirect jobs across energy, engineering,
construction, chemicals, logistics, and related services.
These estimates should not be
interpreted as guaranteed outcomes. Rather, they represent a realistic
development scenario contingent upon export contracts, desalinated water,
competitively priced renewable electricity, and strong industrial integration with
Jordan's phosphate, fertilizer, and port sectors.
Perhaps what Jordan needs most
today is what might be called a "Jordan Offer" for green hydrogen, a
comprehensive investment proposition rather than a collection of isolated
projects. International investors are not searching merely for abundant
sunshine. They seek dedicated industrial land, reliable desalinated water
supplies, competitively priced renewable electricity, modern port
infrastructure, transparent pricing mechanisms, efficient licensing procedures,
regulatory certainty, and commercially viable markets for hydrogen derivatives
such as green ammonia and low-carbon fertilizers.
In this sense, Jordan's success
in the green hydrogen race will depend less on the resources it possesses than
on its ability to package those resources into a compelling investment
proposition. Just as Morocco has successfully launched the "Morocco
Offer" to attract global investors, Jordan can develop its own
"Jordan Offer" by capitalizing on its unique strengths: the Port of
Aqaba, abundant solar resources, an internationally competitive phosphate and
fertilizer industry, institutional stability, and strategic proximity to both
European and regional markets.
Ultimately, green hydrogen is
neither a magic solution nor simply another energy project. It is a
comprehensive industrial policy capable of reshaping entire economic sectors. Jordan's
success should therefore be measured not by the number of memoranda of
understanding it signs, but by the number of factories it builds, the jobs it
creates, and the export shipments leaving the Port of Aqaba.
With sound planning and effective
execution, Jordan may never become the world's largest producer of green
hydrogen. However, Jordan can certainly become one of the smartest and most
competitive players.
*The writer is a Former Jordanian Minister of State for Economic Affairs.
Published in Jordan Times/ 07 July 2026
https://jordantimes.com/opinion/yusuf-mansur/green-hydrogen-jordans-opportunity-in-the-new-energy-economy