Dr. Yusuf Mansur*
If we are to look to the future from both an economic and strategic perspective, the key question is not whether the U. dollar will collapse, nor whether gold will continue its upward trajectory. Rather, the real question is: How will the global monetary system evolve over the next decade?
Since the end of the Second World War, the U.S. dollar has served as the backbone of the international financial system. It remains the world's leading reserve currency, the principal denomination for strategic commodities such as oil, natural gas and wheat, and the dominant currency in international trade and finance. Although its share of global official foreign exchange reserves has gradually declined over the past two decades, the International Monetary Fund reports that the dollar still accounts for approximately 57 per cent of disclosed global foreign exchange reserves held by central banks—far exceeding the share of any competing currency.
At the same time, however, the world is witnessing a remarkable resurgence of gold at the heart of the international monetary system. Central banks no longer view gold merely as a historical relic or a passive reserve asset. Instead, it has become an essential hedge against geopolitical uncertainty, economic sanctions, sovereign debt risks and currency volatility. According to the latest survey by the World Gold Council, 84 per cent of central banks expect the share of gold in their reserves to increase over the next five years. Moreover, central banks have purchased an average of nearly 1,000 metric tonnes of gold annually over the past four years—roughly double the average recorded during the previous decade.
This highlights an important paradox. While many commentators speak of "the end of the dollar", reality is considerably more nuanced. Countries are not abandoning the dollar in favor of another single currency; rather, they are diversifying their reserve portfolios. They are increasing their gold holdings, expanding the use of the euro and the Chinese yuan in selected transactions, yet they continue to rely heavily on the dollar for the overwhelming majority of international trade and financial operations. What we are witnessing, therefore, is not the end of dollar dominance, but the emergence of a more diversified international monetary order.
Gold, meanwhile, is likely to remain one of the principal beneficiaries of this transformation. Several structural forces support its long-term outlook. Persistent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, Europe, and Asia continue to strengthen demand for safe-haven assets. Rising sovereign debt levels across advanced economies have further increased investors' preference for assets that are not liabilities of any government. In addition, should global economic growth weaken, central banks may eventually resume cutting interest rates—a development that has historically supported gold prices.
Nevertheless, gold is not without its limitations. It is a highly volatile asset that generates no regular income, unlike bonds or dividend-paying securities. For this reason, the International Monetary Fund has cautioned against viewing gold as a complete substitute for liquid financial assets.
The US dollar, on the other hand, continues to enjoy structural advantages that remain difficult to replicate. The United States possesses the world's largest and most liquid government bond market, the deepest capital markets, and the strongest financial institutions. Most international trade, global capital markets, and cross-border banking transactions continue to be conducted in dollars. Even countries seeking to reduce their dependence on the US currency find it difficult to replace it because no alternative currently combines the same degree of liquidity, institutional credibility and financial depth.
This does not mean, however, that the dollar will be free from challenges. Its share of global reserves is likely to continue declining gradually—not because it is collapsing, but because other currencies and reserve assets are gaining ground. The Chinese yuan may play a larger role in bilateral trade, the euro could strengthen its international position and central bank digital currencies may become increasingly important in cross-border payments. Yet , these developments are more likely to produce a more balanced global monetary system than to replace the dollar altogether.
Another noteworthy development is that the traditional inverse relationship between gold and the dollar has become less pronounced than it once was. Investors have long assumed that a stronger dollar leads to weaker gold prices, and vice versa. Yet, in recent years, both assets have appreciated simultaneously during several periods, driven by heightened demand for safe-haven assets amid geopolitical conflicts and by unprecedented central bank purchases of gold. This suggests that official demand for gold has become an independent force influencing prices alongside interest rates and the value of the US dollar.
Looking ahead to the next decade, the most plausible scenario is one in which the dollar retains its position as the world's leading reserve currency while gold continues to gain prominence within official reserve portfolios. In other words, the world appears to be moving toward a financial system that remains dollar-led, but in which gold occupies a far more important strategic role than it has for many decades.
For investors, the most important lesson is that gold and the dollar should not be viewed as rivals, but as complementary assets serving different purposes. Gold remains one of the most effective hedges against geopolitical conflict, inflation, and financial instability. The dollar, meanwhile, continues to provide the world's primary source of liquidity and remains the principal currency for pricing international trade and financial assets.
The future, therefore, is unlikely to belong exclusively to either gold or the dollar. Instead, it is likely to be a future with more gold within a global financial system that continues to be led by the US dollar. Based on current data, central bank behavior, reserve management strategies, and ongoing geopolitical and economic developments, this remains the most credible and likely path for the international monetary system.
*The writer is a former Jordanian minister of Economic Affairs.
Published in Jordan times/ 19 July 2026
https://jordantimes.com/opinion/yusuf-mansur/gold-is-back-but-the-dollar-is-here-to-stay